🔗A System Held Together by Temporary Fixes

The current Internet relies on “quick fixes” that offer temporary relief but fail to address deeper systemic problems. Security tools like firewalls and antivirus software only guard against known threats and require constant updates. Content delivery networks and bandwidth boosts improve performance but don’t fix the limitations of the core infrastructure. Even regulations like GDPR protect privacy, but they don’t fundamentally change how data is managed or secured. Meanwhile, advances like 5G and fiber optics speed up connectivity but don’t solve the root issue of centralization.

🔗Centralization at the Root of Many Issues

Centralization is at the heart of many persistent issues, such as rising cybersecurity threats. Concentrating data in a few locations increases vulnerabilities, leading to more frequent data breaches and malicious attacks. Big tech companies keep building energy-hungry data centers to meet growing demand, but these are unsustainable and expensive to build.

While energy-efficient hardware is coming to market, it does little to solve these underlying inefficiencies. The deeper problem lies in the centralization of the Internet – a model that concentrates power in the hands of the few. Cloud services like AWS and Google Cloud help businesses scale but can be expensive, complex, and inaccessible to smaller businesses and underserved communities.

At the same time, new technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) demand fast data processing at the edge. Still, centralized cloud platforms are too slow and inefficient to meet their needs.

🔗A Long-Term Cure: ThreeFold’s Solution

To truly fix a system as broken as the current Internet, we need more than temporary solutions – we need a complete transformation that attacks the problem at the root.

Autonomous Infrastructure

One of the solutions to the current Internet crisis is a shift toward autonomous infrastructure networks and data centers that can operate independently, with minimal energy consumption and maximum efficiency. ThreeFold’s decentralized network uses small, autonomous nodes that can be distributed globally. This infrastructure lowers costs, increases reliability, and improves security while addressing the environmental issues tied to the centralized model. Through the ThreeFold Grid, the project is already providing a foundation for the sustainable Internet of the future.

Quantum-Safe Systems

With quantum computing on the horizon, how we secure our Internet infrastructure must evolve. The current Internet isn’t prepared for the threats that quantum computing could pose. ThreeFold recognizes this need and is already creating quantum-safe storage and network systems that protect sensitive information against future threats. This ensures a more resilient Internet that can stand up to tomorrow’s challenges.

Decentralization for Equality

Decentralization can only resolve the imbalance caused by today’s centralized cloud giants. By enabling anyone to host their own infrastructure, ThreeFold’s network levels the playing field and distributes power and opportunity more fairly across the globe. In ThreeFold’s vision, communities, businesses, and individuals can become Internet farmers, contributing to the global network and benefiting from it equally.

🔗Moving Beyond Band-Aid Solutions: Building a Better Internet

The current Internet is broken, and temporary fixes won’t solve the underlying issues. What’s needed is a complete transformation that returns control to the people, reduces environmental impact, and creates a more equitable, accessible digital economy. We must move beyond the the quick fixes and embrace an Internet that is decentralized, sustainable, and secure for all.

ThreeFold is leading the charge by creating an Internet infrastructure that empowers individuals and communities, reduces energy consumption, and fosters innovation. The future of the Internet must reflect the principles of fairness, equality, and sustainability.

It’s time to fix the Internet with ThreeFold. We’re already on the path toward a better, more inclusive digital future.

“All websites are equally accessible.” Net neutrality is a key principle that has been challenged in recent years. Without it, Internet service providers (ISPs) could potentially prioritize or block access to certain websites, affecting the open nature of the Internet.

“The Internet is already decentralized.” While the Internet was originally designed as a decentralized network, much of it is now controlled by a few large corporations, leading to centralization of power and influence. Distributed and decentralized are different things, and even then, the Internet is not all that distributed.

“Everyone Has Access to the Internet.” While the Internet is widely available in many parts of the world, millions of people still lack reliable access due to economic, geographic, and infrastructural barriers. Digital inequality remains a significant global challenge, with rural areas and developing regions (particularly in the global south) often underserved.

“The Internet is free.” While many services on the Internet appear to be free, we often pay with our data. Companies collect and monetize personal information to offer “free” services, leading to privacy concerns. As the saying goes, “if it’s free, the product is you.”

“Online privacy is not a problem anymore.” Many people believe their online activities are private, especially when using “incognito mode” or similar features. In reality, much of what we do online is tracked, logged, and often shared with third parties – despite using privacy-enabling features.

“Well, I have nothing to hide, so privacy isn’t important anyway.” Many believe that if they aren’t doing anything wrong, they don’t need to worry about privacy. In reality, privacy is about controlling who has access to your personal information and how it’s used. Even seemingly harmless data can be collected, analyzed, and exploited in ways that affect your life, your choices, and your freedom.

“Everything on the Internet is true.” There’s a misconception that if something is online, it must be accurate or trustworthy. However, this is far from the truth. Misinformation, fake news, and unreliable sources are widespread, requiring critical thinking and fact-checking, and increasingly hard to differentiate from reality.

“The Internet is anonymous.” Many believe they can remain completely anonymous online, but in reality, most activities leave a digital footprint that can be traced back to the user with enough effort.

“Deleting something online makes it gone forever.” People often believe that deleting a post, message, or file online removes it permanently. However, copies or backups may still exist, and data can often be recovered or traced.

“Cybersecurity threats are overblown.” Some people underestimate the risks of online threats like hacking, phishing, and malware, assuming they won’t be targeted. However, the numbers are startling and everyone is vulnerable.

In an age where, for better or worse, our online interactions shape much of our daily lives, understanding the true nature of the Internet is more and more important. By recognizing misconceptions, we can better navigate the digital world. And the best part? ThreeFold has been working on a true solution to some of the Internet’s biggest challenges.

Dive in to learn more and how to get involved:

• From the ground up: Three inventions that make ThreeFold possible
• The evolution of the Internet: From free to controlled, and back again
• ThreeFold Docs: Litepaper, Tokenomics, Node Guide, & More

🔗A new bare metal operating system

It is challenging to use current Linux-based operating systems safely and efficiently on the edges of the Internet. They require central management, involve excessive complexity, and prove difficult to update and maintain, resulting in numerous security vulnerabilities. To revolutionize the internet, we had to rethink how we host our applications, essentially reinventing the concept of a cloud-based operating system.

Zero OS is an innovative operating system, retaining the Linux kernel but fundamentally redesigned for heightened security, efficiency, and support for true peer-to-peer and decentralized workloads. This unique operating system doesn’t require installation on hard disks or SSDs; it remains stateless, consistently up to date, and autonomously managed without human intervention. Its design enables scalability to millions of nodes and self-healing application delivery, opening new possibilities in system resilience and reliability.

🔗A quantum safe storage system

Traditional backend storage systems have their roots in centralized environments, focusing on low-latency and closed security setups. However, these characteristics make them less suitable for use in decentralized cloud contexts.

Newer generation storage systems such as protocol-driven or blockchain-based solutions may face scalability and performance limitations and may not fulfill certain critical requirements that we consider essential.

Quantum Safe Storage is an ultra-scalable system capable of storing data indestructibly and efficiently. Previous versions of this system created by our team are widely used to store Zetabytes of information by large organizations.

🔗A quantum safe network system

The current centralized state of the internet poses significant security risks, with compromised routers and growing cyber threats (trillions of USD per year now), making everyone vulnerable to hacking. Industry responses involve disabling original features, hindering true peer-to-peer connectivity and personal server capabilities. Workarounds and system hacks have become the norm.

Mycelium is an overlay network layer designed to enhance the existing internet infrastructure while remaining compatible with all current applications. It empowers true peer-to-peer communication. Mycelium can look for the shortest path, has a built-in naming and CDN (Content Delivery) system, and can survive disaster and network cuts much more efficiently as is possible today.

🔗The only way

The future of the Internet lies in breaking free from the constraints of outdated, centralized systems and embracing a new paradigm. By fundamentally addressing the root causes of inefficiency, insecurity, and centralization in today’s systems, we can create a more resilient and equitable digital world.

If interested, go deeper into the inner-workings of the Internet as compared to ThreeFold.

In our last post, we started to explore what it means to test the ThreeFold Grid by highlighting the key processes and the benefits or reasons. Now, we continue our discovery path through the detailed testing process. In this post, we go deeper into two different ways of testing: Manual and Automation. Each is important, combining to ensure a strong and dependable TF Grid.

🔗Manual Testing

The thorough manual inspection of components using the Testlodge tool is at the core of our testing process. This tool acts as our guide, leading us through an array of test cases customized for each grid component. We guarantee comprehensive coverage of all grid components by organizing tests manually in specific test suites.

When a release candidate arrives from the development phase, our manual test executions come into play. Through meticulous examination, we confirm the smooth operation of each component. Any inconsistencies found during testing are promptly recorded using GitHub issues, facilitating quick resolution in future iterations.

Components such as Dashboard & Deployments, Mycelium, TF-Robot, Terraform, TF-Grid-Client, TF-Grid-Proxy, TF chain, Caprover, Kubernetes, and Farmerbot are examples of what undergoes our scrutiny.

🔗Why Manual Testing is Important:

Any new changes added to the grid should first undergo manual testing before going through automation testing. The fundamental principle of testing is that “100% automation is not possible” which makes manual testing necessary.

The main idea behind manual testing is to make sure that the grid is free of errors and that it is operating following the stated functional requirements in the manual and documentation. Additionally, it ensures that developers fix reported faults and that testers retest them.

Also, manual testing simulates the real-time behavior of the end user and how they think when they use our TF Grid solution, which allows us to do better UX design to meet everyone’s expectations.

🔗Automation Testing

Automation scripts are essential in strengthening our testing capabilities and our manual efforts. By utilizing GitHub actions, we run automated scripts daily to gain early insights into the health of the TF Grid. Our in-house automation tool, TF-Robot, leads the deployment process on the grid with exceptional efficiency.

TF-Robot is a cornerstone of automation, streamlining the deployment of various virtual machines across the ThreeFold Grid. With its capacity to manage large-scale deployments and offer multiple retries for unsuccessful attempts, TF-Robot enables users to navigate the grid seamlessly. Additionally, we leverage its functionalities to ensure the viability of registered nodes by deploying on active nodes regularly to confirm their suitability for deployment.

We use GitHub Actions to run our automated tests. These tests – ranging from testing solution deployments, to the status / health of all nodes, to the dashboard UI – are triggered by certain behaviors or activities:

• Any code change triggers certain tests
• Tests also run during code reviews
• Some tests run every day, like the Grid Client Nightly and Grid Client Tests
• Other tests run every 6 hours, like Mass Deployments

🔗Why Automation Testing is Important:

Automation testing speeds up the testing process significantly compared to manual testing. Automated tests can run anytime, including nights and weekends, allowing for continuous testing and faster development cycles. This reduces testing time and labor costs, making it a cost-effective approach in the long run. Automation helps identify issues and defects in the software early in the development process, making them easier and less expensive to fix. Automated test scripts are reusable and can be used throughout different phases of development, even if there are changes in the software’s user interface.

Sometimes, a node may be misconfigured or have defective hardware. In our automation testing, we run tests like Mass Deployer or TF-Robot, which loop over all online nodes and attempt deployments on them to detect problematic nodes or misconfigured ones early.

Additionally, nightly test runs for different test suites (dashboard UI, TS client) can detect incorrect code deployments early and alert developers to fix the pushed code that may affect unexpected parts of the project.

🔗How to Report an Error/Issue/Bug Found While Testing:

All errors found during testing are reported on GitHub. Based on findings, the repository has two templates to choose from: Bug Report and Feature Request. Follow these steps:

1. Click on the provided GitHub link.
2. Choose “New Issue.”
3. Select either of the templates and fill it out accordingly.
4. Click on “Submit.”

One of our developers will then work on resolving the issue. We have already fixed over 1,200 issues to date.

Testing is a key aspect of maintaining a reliable cloud infrastructure. Because testing is such a thorough process, we can catch and correct bugs before they make their way to mainnet, our “production” environment. A big thanks to all those who have contributed to testing the grid to date, and we invite anyone to join the testing community and take part in ensuring a smooth and reliable ThreeFold Grid.

🔗But first – why is testing important?

Testing upgrades as they’re developed ensures we have a stable operation of the TFGrid that is constantly optimal for our community. It lets us see what works well and what still needs fixing. By the time our community gets these upgrades, they’ve been tested many times to make sure they’re top-notch.

When it comes to testing the developments on the ThreeFold Grid, we need to be careful, especially when we’re doing separate tests from the different networks. If we don’t focus on testing the developments independently, testing can become a lot slower and more complicated.

Different networks for testing: We test on 3 different networks before we release anything on Mainnet.

🔗Testing all Networks sequentially

Our journey through these networks follows a well-defined path.

First, verification starts on Devnet with the dev team leading the validation process. Once the development team approves, we release the grid to the Qanet for further examination.

The QA teams conduct iterative test runs within Qanet, leading to a Bug Assessment Meeting to address reported issues. If the release is deemed ready for deployment, it moves to Testnet for an extended observation period.

Following two weeks of rigorous testing on Testnet releases advance to Mainnet once a community vote approves a Grid Enhancement Proposal, indicating readiness for widespread adoption. As the release enters Mainnet, QA teams begin new test iterations to ensure a smooth transition for user accessibility.

Testing is done both manually and automated:

Manual testing: At the core of our testing process is the thorough manual inspection of components using the advanced Testlodge tool.

Automation Testing: We also run Automated scripts on GitHub actions daily; to give us an early indication about the TFGrid.

We will go through these two types of testing further in part two.

🔗Conclusion

The testing journey within the ThreeFold Grid is intentionally and necessarily thorough, a delicate balance between manual precision and automated finesse, all designed to provide a strong and reliable cloud infrastructure for our users. Next time, stay tuned for more updates on how we conduct these tests and how they help us improve the grid’s reliability. Join us as we strive for excellence and continue to advance in the world of decentralized technology.

The ThreeFold community consists of many different roles creating a whole ecosystem that contributes to the growth of the ThreeFold Grid and makes it more reliable and stable. Today, we’re spotlighting the farming community, the backbone of the ThreeFold Grid.

🔗Who are the farmers and what exactly do these farmers do?

Think of a ThreeFold Farmer as a digital pioneer who connects their capacity to the ThreeFold Grid, becoming a cloud service provider. They come from all corners of the globe, driven by a common goal: to contribute to the growth of ThreeFold’s decentralized cloud infrastructure. Currently, we boast approximately 950 farmers running an impressive ±2500 nodes. This translates to a whopping capacity of:

• Cores: 64,290
• RAM: 434.85 TB
• SSD: 8.46 PB
• HDD: 20 PB

The farming community keeps the digital gears turning. Whether they purchase a 3Node from the marketplace or build their nodes, they’re providing essential capacity to the ThreeFold Grid. In return for their contributions, they’re rewarded with ThreeFold Tokens (TFTs), the currency of the ThreeFold ecosystem.

Farmers are rewarded based on their uptime—the number of hours, minutes, and seconds their node has been online. This data is meticulously tracked by ThreeFold’s blockchain, TFChain, and used to determine their monthly rewards. However, we’re always evolving and we just passed a vote on the ThreeFold DAO where we decided that, in the future, farmers would be rewarded based on their utilization.

ThreeFold Farmers not only provide capacity but also take the opportunity of ThreeFold being an open-source project to develop scripts and tools like a Python script for minting, a telegram for liquidity pool USDC/TFT, and Telegram channels for their local community where English is not their primary language so that they can get help when they need it, and much more.

The ThreeFold farming community is an integral part of our decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). A farmer’s participation in the DAO discussions and proposals is pivotal as we chart the course for the grid’s evolution, from our current version 3.14 release and beyond. Together, we’re actively building the grid’s future, thanks to our dedicated farmers’ collaborative efforts. Join us, share your ideas, and let’s shape the future of the ThreeFold Grid together.

🔗The Future of the Farming Community

🔗The TF Cooperative

ThreeFold is transitioning the management of TF Grid to a cooperative, empowering all of us to work toward our common goals more effectively. This shift represents a step towards a more collaborative and inclusive future for the TFGrid. As we enter the commercialization phase of the project, a cooperative model also brings a trusted form of decentralized governance and will enable us to bring more reliability to the grid.

The formation of the ThreeFold Cooperative (TF COOP) brings several planned changes for farmers and their interaction with the TFGrid:

• Democratic Governance: TF COOP introduces a system where farmers can vote on decisions based on their TFT holdings (1 TFT = 1 vote), giving them a voice in the cooperative’s direction.
• Farming Rewards: Farmers will continue to earn rewards based on the quality of their nodes and network uptime. This encourages high standards and benefits both farmers and users.
• Compliance: Farmers must follow KYC/AML (Know Your Customer/Anti-Money Laundering) rules for transparency and accountability.
• Service Level Agreements (SLAs): Larger farmers may sign formal contracts with DMCC or TF COOP, providing stability and predictability.
• Capacity Resale and Utilization Rewards: TF COOP will resell capacity and distribute profits. Farmers receive 50% of the revenue from their node utilization.
• Node Information and Transparency: Farmers can benefit from tracking more node data in the explorer, helping potential users select quality nodes.
• Governance Involvement: Farmers, as cooperative members, can impact management and operations, aligning their interests with the TFGrid’s success.

🔗Farming Pool

Farming Pools are a new feature planned for version 4.0 that helps improve trust and quality in our network. Farmers join these pools and agree to standards like uptime and response time. They can set their prices for services like storage and computing power. By staking tokens, farmers commit to these standards and risk losing some of their stakes if they don’t meet their promises. This keeps the network reliable and fair while allowing farmers more control over their services.

These pools can also act as hubs for supporting farmers with training and help them understand if their nodes are working well. Sales of preconfigured hardware is an additional optional function of the pools, while all pools operate as a business that takes a margin on the farming rewards of the farmers belonging to the pool. Beyond support, the added value for the farmers is that pools ensure a level of service and quality that can attract users and bring additional revenues to the farmers, including the potential of active marketing of the pool’s capacity.

🔗Conclusion

The farming community plays a key role in the smooth operation and growth of the ThreeFold Grid. These farmers shape the grid’s future by offering the capacity for a more decentralized digital world. Their work goes beyond earning rewards, as they contribute nodes to a global network and share resources and tools that strengthen the community, which will be showcased in our upcoming blogs. Thanks to their efforts, the grid is thriving and paving the way for a fairer, more connected world.

🔗Get involved:

• Join our farmer’s chat to talk with the community

• Learn about expanding the grid or adding on top of it.

• Stay updated with news and community discussions.